Manufacture of cooking utensils



Feb. 15, 1938. A. mm 2,108,409

MANUFACTURE OF COOKING UTENSILS Filed March 18, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l l/A/T/IO/VY Paw/v INVENTOR Feb. 15, 1938. A. PERON 2,108,409.

MANUFACTURE OF COOKING UTENSILS Filed March 18, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 9 v 7/ Illllllli i 4 l ///,,\IIII//Z 26 ANTHONY PERON INVENT R A ORNEY Patented Feb. 15, 1938 u I UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- MANUFACTURE OF COOKING UTENSILS Anthony Peron, New York, N. Y.

Application March 18, 1936, Serial No. 69,424 I 8 Claims. (01. 113120) This invention relates to the manufacture of of a foot pedal l2. These electrodes are indipots and cooking utensils of the type covered in cated as cooled by a circulation of water afforded the Peron Patent No. 2,040,102 ofMay 12, 1936, by piping l3. in which heat collecting plates are secured to The pot or other utensil is indicated at M, be-

the bottoms of the pots by special welded studs. tween the two electrodes and having applied to 5 The objects ofthe invention are to provide for the bottom of the same the heat collecting plate, the commercial manufacture of such utensils and l 5. g particularly to enable such articles to be con- As described particularly in thepatent referred structed rapidly, economically and efliciently and to, the pot is of stainless steel, such as Allegheny in the end to provide an article well suited for metal, crucible steel, Resistol K2, or other non- 10 the purposes intended. rusting or non-corrosive material, including such These general objects and other more specific as nickel, Monel metal or the like. The heat objects, together with details of construction, collecting plate is of hard cold rolled copper or combinations, relations of parts and modes of' the like, and the two are permanently and in 5 operation constituting the invention, will appear effect, integra1ly" secured together by tapered or are set forth in the following specification and studs l6, welded at their smaller ends to the bot broadly covered in the claims. tom of the pot.

The drawings accompanying and forming part Details of this construction are shown in Fig.

of the specification illustrate certain structural 4. ..The studs l6 are of the same or substantially features and methods of manufacture embodythe same material as the pot, so that the inner 20 ing the invention, but these it will be understood smaller ends of the same will form a permanent are subject to change, within the true spirit and unitary weld at H. The taper of the studs and broad scope of the invention. of the seats l8 provided for them in the plate .is Fig. l is a broken perspective view of a. spot substantially the sameand the fit of these parts welding machine especially designed-and modified is such that with the welding pressure the studs 25 for manufacture of the pots and showing it in will completely fill these openings and bind the the act of making one of the welds. plate to the pot bottom.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged broken sectional detail The present, preferred method of forming v w ll str in h sp feature f he 0001-. these tapered seats, consists in first punchinging spray automatically effected immediately at out'the tapered plugs l9, Fig. 7, as by means of 30 the pletion of the weld. a roughing out punch 20, cooperating with an Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the frame for over-size passage 2|, in the die block 22. This holding the plate centered on the bottom of the punch combination has the eifect of first cutting pot prior to the first weld. and then tearing out a plug, increasing in di- Fig. 4 is a broken part sectional detail view of ameter from that of the punch 20, to the size of 35 l the completed article, the sectional portion apthe die opening 2|. The rough tapered opening pearing as on line 4-4 of Fig. 5. thus produced in the plate is then smooth fin- Fig. 5 is a partial bottom. plan view of the pot. ished by a finishing punch such as indicated at Fig. 6 is a broken sectional detail showing the 23, in Fig. 8, tapered to the desired final taper of collector plate trimmed and ready to have the. the seat or opening l8. This finishing punch is 40 edge spun or lapped against the curved rim porshown as having a pilot projection 24, entering tion of the bottom. a guide opening 25, in the base or die bed 26.

Fig. 7 is a broken sectional detail illustrating The seats for the welding lugs or studs are the action of the punch in striking out tapered thus accurately formed to the desired smooth openings in the plate. finish and taper without producing any cuttings45 4 Fig. 8 is a similar view showing the action of or loose particles which might interfere with 1 the finishing punch in smoothing these tapered the accurate fit of the studs in the. seats or the p ngs. smooth continuous engagement between the face .Fig. 9 is a'perspective view of one of the weldof the plate and the bottom of the -pot. ing rivets or studs. Fig. 6 illustrates the two factors last men- 50 A spot welder of suitable design for carrying tioned, that is, the exact fit 'of the tapered stud out the method of this invention is shown in IS, in the tapered seat l0, and the smooth con- Fig. l as consisting of opposed, or upper and tinuous engagement of the plate with the bots lower electrodes I 0, I I, adapted to be brought tom of the pot. This view also illustrates how,

together at opposite sides of the work by means when desired, the plate may be made slightly 55 form a tapered projecting flange 21, which afterward may be spun" or lapped" closely about the curved rim at the bottom of the pot to a thin edge 28, Fig. 4, closing and sealing the joint between the pot and bottom plate. In this view and in Fig. 5, the sealing flange 28 is produced from a slightly larger diameter of plate, so that in the finished construction, this-heavier plate projects slightly beyond the pot-wall and thus forms a protective buffer for the side wall of the pot.

For centering and holding the plate on the pot 'bottom preparatory to welding operations, a

frame such as indicated in Fig. 3 may be employed, the same consisting of a split ring 29, secured in-centered engagement about the pot body by screw 30, and having projecting oifset lugs 3|, engaging the rim of the plate to temporarily hold the same in centered position. After the first weld is made, which usually would be at the center of the pot, this temporary guide or frame may be removed, as-in Fig. 1, and the rest of the welds completed with this frame out of the way. The strength of this one weld is sufficient to hold the plate firmly and securely in position in readiness for the second and succeeding welds.

The electrodes are usually water cooled as illustrated in Fig. 1 and first described above.

'Additional cooling has been found desirable to prevent over-heating and discoloration and to effect a quick shrinkage, which will make the stud bind the plate to the pot bottom. This is accomplished in the illustration by running a water connection 32, up alongside the lower electrode, terminating in a nozzle 33, Fig. 2, for directing a spray of chilling water at the pan bottom immediately adjacent the lower electrode.

A valve 34 is located in this water line, shown in Fig. 1, as provided with an actuating lever 38, in position to be engaged by a trip portion 3|, on the foot-pedal i2. Pressure on the foot pedal brings the top electrode down, closing the circult-and forcing the stud or rivet firmly down in its tapered seat and into welding engagement with the pot bottom. Slight additional pressure on the pedal then operates a switch to cut off the current and in this additional movement the portion 36 of the pedal trips the valve lever 35, to start the spray of cooling water against the bottom of the pot and the tip of the lower electrode. The welding action is almost instantaneous and the cooling spray comes on instantly the weld is completed, so discoloration or overheating of the pot bottom is avoided. The switch which cuts the current on in the downward movement of the pedal and then opens the circuit with a slight additional movement, is a special make-and-break switch commonly used in this type of spot welding and for which reasons, details of same are not shown. 7

The drain from the weld cooling operation is shown as collected in a bowl 31, surrounding the lower electrode and having a suitable gutlet 38. The welding studs are made of the same or similar metal as the pot, so that they will unite integrally therewith and they are shown in Figs. 2 and 6, as initially formed with a rounded projection or head 39, on the large end to match a corresponding recess or socket 4|], in the end of the uppereleetrode to effect a cooperative centering action and to assure good current conductivity between the two. After the plate is se- 2,1os,4oo

cured, these projections a may be removed as by grinding and in this same grinding operation, or ss acontinuation of the same, the bottom face of the plate may be made entirely flat and smooth. Also the inside surface of the pot bottom is preferably ground down perfectly fiat. This smoothing operation removes any "blue spots which may appear on the inner surface of the pot from the welding operations. The weld is made so .quickly and the spurt of water cools the weld so fast that practically no expansion of the pot or bottom plate can take place. The weld is cooled immediately from the red hot condition. The surface spots which may appear at the inside are easily removed in the grinding or surfacing operation. The bottom plate also is thick and heavy enough to hold the stainless steel or other metal of the pot against buckling tendency either at the time of making the welds or later.

The tapered studs, because of their exact fit in the tapered seats, hold the bottom plate as a substantially integral part of the bottom of the pot regardless of wear, these rivets or studs actually holding the plate' down to the last of an inch in thickness. This bottom plate forms in effect a firm foundation for the pot and is so tightly secured that no moisture or other foreign matter can enter between the pot bottom and plate, this being true even though the edge of the plateis not spun in against the pot bottom as in Fig. 4, but terminates inward of the full diameter of the pot as illustrated in the Peron patent above identified.

The taper of the welding studs may vary. For a V inch thickness of plate, the studs would have a finished length of inch and the small end might be Y inch in diameter with the large;- end inch in diameter. These proper tions of diameter of the smaller end equal to the finished length may generally be followed, but for plates as thin as of an inch or less, the taper of the studs may be greater. 'lhe inner edges of the rivetsmay be slightly relieved as indicated at ,Fig. 9, so as to leave no sharp corners which might out or scrape the copper when being forced home against the pot bottom and so as to enable the metal to "flow" suinciently at the welding surface.

For testing the welds, a small amount of water I may be placed in the pot. As this water issuinciently heated, bubbles will rise in a steady col-- umn from each spot where a perfect weld is located indicating the existence of perfect heat conduction. Any imperfect welds will show up by the lack of such a bubble column. This theretages of being iighter and requiring less labor,

as well as actually less expensive in materials than the form with the inwardly spun sealing flange.

The operations and structure may possibly be modified in other ways and the claims and terms employed are to be construed accordingh Instead of a spot welder of the foot operated type such as illustrated, motor actuated machines with automatic timing may be employed to advantage. The bowl 31, for catching the weld cooling water may be of wood or other nonmagnetic insulating material. Because of its necessary size, the non-magnetic character of this bowl is particularly important as a magnetic element of such size would materially interfere with the proper'use of the machine. The Allegheny metal of the pot is practically non-magnetic and 'so offers no difliculties in handling of the machine. This can be a relatively thin walled vessel, relying on the strength of the flat cold rolled copper collector plate for holding it in shape.

What is claimed is:

l. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising rough punching tapered openings in a heat collector plate, smooth punching said openings to exact tapered size, applying the plate to a pot bottom with the smaller ends of the openings toward the pot, entering tapered studs of substantially the same size in said tapered openings, spot welding the smaller ends of said tapered studs to the pot bottom, chilling the welds to prevent over-heating and distortion of the" pot bottom, finishing oi the exposed ends of the welded studs flush with the exposed face of the collector plate and flnishing the interior of the pot bottom to remove any color traces of the welding heat.

2. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising rough punching tapered openings in a-heat collector plate, smooth punching said openings to exact tapered size, applying the plate to a pot bottom with the smaller ends of the, openings toward the pot, entering tapered studspf substantially the same size in said tapered openings, spot welding the smaller ends of said tapered studs to the pot bottom, chilling the welds to prevent over-heating and distortion of the pot bottom, flnishing of the exposed ends of the welded studs flush with the exposed face ofthe collector plate and flnishing the interior of the pot bottom to remove any color traces of the welding heat, turning the edge of the plate to a reduced flange and then spinning said flange into closed sealed engagement with the bottom and adioining side portion of the pot.

3. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising forming tapered openings in a heat collector plate, applying the same to a-pot bottom with the smaller ends of the tapered openings toward the pot bottom, inserting into said tapered openings, studs of the same material as the pot, bottom and of substantially the same tapered shape as they openings and welding said similarly tapered studs-in said openings to'said pot bottom, turning an edge flange on said secured collector plate and then spinning said flange into close sealed engagement with the adjoining side surface of the pot bottom. l

4. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising rough punching tapered openings in a'heat collectqrplate, finish punching said openings to an exact taper shape, applying said plate. to a pot bottom with the smaller ends of said openings toward the pot bottom inserting into said openings, plugs of substantially the same taper and of the same material as the pot bottoms and welding said taper plugs of similar shape through said openings to the pot bottom.

5. The-method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising operating a punch of one size through a die opening of larger size to punch and tear openings in an interposed collector plate increasing in size from the punch diameter to that of the companion die opening, then smooth punching said tapered openings, applying the plate to a pot bottom with the smaller ends of the openings toward the pot bottom, inserting into said openings tapered studs of substantially the same size as said tapered openings and welding said tapered plugs through said openings to the pot bottom.

6. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising forcing tapered plugs through tapered openings of substantially the same size in a collector plate into engagement with a pot'bottom and in so doing, applying a welding current through said tapered plugs to thereby fuse the-smaller ends of the latter to the pot bottom and immediately following completion of the weld applying a cooling medium to the inside face of the pot bottom opposite the weld.

7. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising securing a relatively heavy heat collector plate to the bottom of a pot, turning a thin flange on the rim oi. the secured collector plate and then spinning said flange into closed permanently sealed engagement with the adjoining'surface of the pot bottom.

8. The method of manufacturing utensils of the character disclosed, comprising securing a heat collecting plate in solid flat engagement with a pot bottom, reducing the edge of the plate toward the pot bottom to a'tapered flange I-lid 1 then spinning said tapered flange into anent closely sealed engagement with the adi surface of the pot bottom.

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